
Fat and cholesterol comes in many forms through the foods that we eat. Cholesterol made by the body is normally adequate for the body’s daily needs. The excessive damaging cholesterol from diets are the ones that overwhelms the body systems to manage. It ends up clogging the arteries. The standard American diet stands out here and that’s why preventable cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death. The diet is filled with both saturated fats and trans fats. All these promote the elevation of bad cholesterol leading to arteriosclerosis. We also have the Mediterranean diet which is the opposite of the American standard diet. People on these rarely develop cardiovascular diseases in these huge numbers. They consume plant based oils notably olive oil. Fats are made up of fatty acids. These are compounds comprising of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached to them. The difference between the varied groups of fatty acid depends on the concentration of hydrogen in their molecular structures. The most concentrated ones are the saturated fatty acids. The rest are classified under unsaturated fatty acids.

The 3 main groupings of fatty acids
1. Saturated fatty acids
2. Unsaturated fatty acids
3. Trans fatty acids

The saturated fatty acids are normally derived from the consumption of animal products. They are normally solid at room temperature. We derive them from beef, pork, butter, cheese, cream milk and other fatty flesh of animals. Some of the saturated fatty acids include stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid and arachidic acids.
Unsaturated fatty acids are found primarily from plants. They are not as saturated with hydrogen as the saturated fats. They are classified into two groupings i.e monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Their difference is in their molecular structures.

Monounsaturated fatty acids help reduce the LDL(harmful) cholesterol in the body. They promote the increase in HDL(good) cholesterol hence help protect against arteriosclerosis. They are found in olive, canola, avocado and peanut oils. Example components are oleic acid in olive oil. They are liquid at room temperature and solidify when refrigerated.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids also help reduce the harmful LDL. They are found in sunflower seeds, corn, safflower and sesame. They are always liquid at room temperature including when refrigerated. An example is Omega 3 fatty acids.

Trans fatty acids are actually unsaturated fatty acids but are produced during the processing of these oils. The heat applied during extraction damages the molecular structures of these unsaturated fats and are therefores labeled as trans fatty acids. Heat processed foods and hydrogenated oils contain them. Examples are hardened cooking fat and margarines that have undergone hydrogenation. Baked products, deep fried foods etc have trans fats. These promote the bad HDL and therefore results in clogging of arteries and arteriosclerosis. Therefore they promote high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, arthritis, immuno suppression, cardiac problems, stroke and cancer.
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